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NETHACK(6) NETHACK(6)
NETHACK(6) 1999 NETHACK(6)
NAME NAME
nethack - Exploring The Mazes of Menace nethack - Exploring The Mazes of Menace
SYNOPSIS SYNOPSIS
nethack [ -d directory ] [ -n ] [ -p profession (role) ] [ nethack [ -d directory ] [ -n ] [ -p profession (role) ] [
-r race ] [ -[DX] ] [ -u playername ] [ -dec ] [ -ibm ] -r race ] [ -[DX] ] [ -u playername ] [ -dec ] [ -ibm ]
nethack [ -d directory ] -s [ -v ] [ -p profession (role) ]
[ -r race ] [ playernames ] nethack [ -d directory ] -s [ -v ] [ -p profession (role)
] [ -r race ] [ playernames ]
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
NetHack is a display oriented Dungeons & Dragons(tm) - like NetHack is a display oriented Dungeons & Dragons(tm) -
game. The standard tty display and command structure resem- like game. The standard tty display and command structure
ble rogue. resemble rogue.
Other, more graphical display options exist if you are using Other, more graphical display options exist if you are
either a PC, or an X11 interface. using either a PC, or an X11 interface.
To get started you really only need to know two commands. To get started you really only need to know two commands.
The command ? will give you a list of the available commands The command ? will give you a list of the available com-
(as well as other information) and the command / will iden- mands (as well as other information) and the command /
tify the things you see on the screen. will identify the things you see on the screen.
To win the game (as opposed to merely playing to beat other To win the game (as opposed to merely playing to beat
people's high scores) you must locate the Amulet of Yendor other people's high scores) you must locate the Amulet of
which is somewhere below the 20th level of the dungeon and Yendor which is somewhere below the 20th level of the dun-
get it out. Nobody has achieved this yet; anybody who does geon and get it out. Nobody has achieved this yet; any-
will probably go down in history as a hero among heros. body who does will probably go down in history as a hero
among heros.
When the game ends, whether by your dying, quitting, or When the game ends, whether by your dying, quitting, or
escaping from the caves, NetHack will give you (a fragment escaping from the caves, NetHack will give you (a fragment
of) the list of top scorers. The scoring is based on many of) the list of top scorers. The scoring is based on many
aspects of your behavior, but a rough estimate is obtained aspects of your behavior, but a rough estimate is obtained
by taking the amount of gold you've found in the cave plus by taking the amount of gold you've found in the cave plus
four times your (real) experience. Precious stones may be four times your (real) experience. Precious stones may be
worth a lot of gold when brought to the exit. There is a worth a lot of gold when brought to the exit. There is a
10% penalty for getting yourself killed. 10% penalty for getting yourself killed.
The environment variable NETHACKOPTIONS can be used to ini- The environment variable NETHACKOPTIONS can be used to
tialize many run-time options. The ? command provides a initialize many run-time options. The ? command provides
description of these options and syntax. (The -dec and -ibm a description of these options and syntax. (The -dec and
command line options are equivalent to the decgraphics and -ibm command line options are equivalent to the decgraph-
ibmgraphics run-time options described there, and are pro- ics and ibmgraphics run-time options described there, and
vided purely for convenience on systems supporting multiple are provided purely for convenience on systems supporting
types of terminals.) multiple types of terminals.)
Because the option list can be very long (particularly when Because the option list can be very long (particularly
specifying graphics characters), options may also be when specifying graphics characters), options may also be
included in a configuration file. The default is located in included in a configuration file. The default is located
your home directory and named .nethackrc on Unix systems. in your home directory and named .nethackrc on Unix sys-
On other systems, the default may be different, usually tems. On other systems, the default may be different,
NetHack.cnf. On DOS the name is defaults.nh, while on the usually NetHack.cnf. On DOS or Windows, the name is
Macintosh or BeOS, it is NetHack Defaults. The defaults.nh, while on the Macintosh or BeOS, it is NetHack
Defaults. The configuration file's location may be speci-
fied by setting NETHACKOPTIONS to a string consisting of
an @ character followed by the filename.
The -u playername option supplies the answer to the ques-
tion "Who are you?". It overrides any name from the
options or configuration file, USER, LOGNAME, or getlo-
gin(), which will otherwise be tried in order. If none of
these provides a useful name, the player will be asked for
one. Player names (in conjunction with uids) are used to
identify save files, so you can have several saved games
under different names. Conversely, you must use the
appropriate player name to restore a saved game.
A playername suffix can be used to specify the profession,
race, alignment and/or gender of the character. The full
syntax of the playername that includes a suffix is "name-
ppp-rrr-aaa-ggg". "ppp" are at least the first three let-
ters of the profession (this can also be specified using a
separate -p profession option). "rrr" are at least the
first three letters of the character's race (this can also
be specified using a separate -r race option). "aaa" are
at last the first three letters of the character's align-
ment, and "ggg" are at least the first three letters of
the character's gender. Any of the parts of the suffix
may be left out.
-p profession can be used to determine the character role.
You can specify either the male or female name for the
character role, or the first three characters of the role
as an abbreviation. -p @ has been retained to explicitly
request that a random role be chosen. It may need to be
quoted with a backslash (\@) if @ is the "kill" character
(see "stty") for the terminal, in order to prevent the
current input line from being cleared.
Likewise, -r race can be used to explicitly request that a
race be chosen.
Leaving out any of these characteristics will result in
you being prompted during the game startup for the infor-
mation.
The -s option alone will print out the list of your scores
on the current version. An immediately following -v
reports on all versions present in the score file. The -s
may also be followed by arguments -p and -r to print the
scores of particular roles and races only. It may also be
followed by one or more player names to print the scores
of the players mentioned, by 'all' to print out all
scores, or by a number to print that many top scores.
November Last change: 17 1 The -n option suppresses printing of any news from the
game administrator.
The -D or -X option will start the game in a special non-
scoring discovery mode. -D will, if the player is the
game administrator, start in debugging (wizard) mode
instead.
The -d option, which must be the first argument if it
appears, supplies a directory which is to serve as the
playground. It overrides the value from NETHACKDIR, HACK-
DIR, or the directory specified by the game administrator
NETHACK(6) 1999 NETHACK(6) during compilation (usually /usr/games/lib/nethackdir).
This option is usually only useful to the game administra-
tor. The playground must contain several auxiliary files
such as help files, the list of top scorers, and a subdi-
configuration file's location may be specified by setting rectory save where games are saved.
NETHACKOPTIONS to a string consisting of an @ character fol-
lowed by the filename.
The -u playername option supplies the answer to the question
"Who are you?". It overrides any name from the options or
configuration file, USER, LOGNAME, or getlogin(), which will
otherwise be tried in order. If none of these provides a
useful name, the player will be asked for one. Player names
(in conjunction with uids) are used to identify save files,
so you can have several saved games under different names.
Conversely, you must use the appropriate player name to
restore a saved game.
A playername suffix or a separate option, -p profession can
be used to determine the character role. You can specify
either the male or female name for the character role, or
the first three characters of the role as an abbreviation.
-p @ has been retained to explicitly request that a random
role be chosen. It may need to be quoted with a backslash
(\@) if @ is the "kill" character (see "stty") for the ter-
minal, in order to prevent the current input line from being
cleared.
Likewise, -r race can be used to explicitly request that a
race be chosen.
Leaving out either of these will result in you being
prompted during the game startup for the information.
The -s option alone will print out the list of your scores
on the current version. An immediately following -v reports
on all versions present in the score file. The -s may also
be followed by arguments -p and -r to print the scores of
particular roles and races only. It may also be followed by
one or more player names to print the scores of the players
mentioned, by 'all' to print out all scores, or by a number
to print that many top scores.
The -n option suppresses printing of any news from the game
administrator.
The -D or -X option will start the game in a special non-
scoring discovery mode. -D will, if the player is the game
administrator, start in debugging (wizard) mode instead.
The -d option, which must be the first argument if it
appears, supplies a directory which is to serve as the play-
ground. It overrides the value from NETHACKDIR, HACKDIR, or
the directory specified by the game administrator during
compilation (usually /usr/games/lib/nethackdir). This
option is usually only useful to the game administrator.
November Last change: 17 2
NETHACK(6) 1999 NETHACK(6)
The playground must contain several auxiliary files such as
help files, the list of top scorers, and a subdirectory save
where games are saved.
AUTHORS AUTHORS
Jay Fenlason (+ Kenny Woodland, Mike Thome and Jon Payne) Jay Fenlason (+ Kenny Woodland, Mike Thome and Jon Payne)
wrote the original hack, very much like rogue (but full of wrote the original hack, very much like rogue (but full of
bugs). bugs).
Andries Brouwer continuously deformed their sources into an Andries Brouwer continuously deformed their sources into
entirely different game. an entirely different game.
Mike Stephenson has continued the perversion of sources, Mike Stephenson has continued the perversion of sources,
adding various warped character classes and sadistic traps adding various warped character classes and sadistic traps
with the help of many strange people who reside in that with the help of many strange people who reside in that
place between the worlds, the Usenet Zone. A number of place between the worlds, the Usenet Zone. A number of
these miscreants are immortalized in the historical roll of these miscreants are immortalized in the historical roll
dishonor and various other places. of dishonor and various other places.
The resulting mess is now called NetHack, to denote its The resulting mess is now called NetHack, to denote its
development by the Usenet. Andries Brouwer has made this development by the Usenet. Andries Brouwer has made this
request for the distinction, as he may eventually release a request for the distinction, as he may eventually release
new version of his own. a new version of his own.
FILES FILES
All files are in the playground, normally All files are in the playground, normally
/usr/games/lib/nethackdir. If DLB was defined during the /usr/games/lib/nethackdir. If DLB was defined during the
compile, the data files and special levels will be inside a compile, the data files and special levels will be inside
larger file, normally nhdat, instead of being separate a larger file, normally nhdat, instead of being separate
files. files.
nethack The program itself. nethack The program itself.
data, oracles, rumors Data files used by NetHack. data, oracles, rumors Data files used by NetHack.
options, quest.dat More data files. options, quest.dat More data files.
help, hh Help data files. help, hh Help data files.
cmdhelp, opthelp, wizhelp More help data files. cmdhelp, opthelp, wizhelp More help data files.
*.lev Predefined special levels. *.lev Predefined special levels.
dungeon Control file for special levels. dungeon Control file for special lev-
history A short history of NetHack. els.
license Rules governing redistribution. history A short history of NetHack.
record The list of top scorers. license Rules governing redistribu-
logfile An extended list of games tion.
played. record The list of top scorers.
xlock.nnn Description of a dungeon level. logfile An extended list of games
perm Lock file for xlock.dd. played.
bonesDD.nn Descriptions of the ghost and xlock.nnn Description of a dungeon
belongings of a deceased level.
adventurer. perm Lock file for xlock.dd.
save A subdirectory containing the bonesDD.nn Descriptions of the ghost and
saved games. belongings of a deceased
adventurer.
save A subdirectory containing the
saved games.
ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT
USER or LOGNAME Your login name. USER or LOGNAME Your login name.
HOME Your home directory.
SHELL Your shell.
TERM The type of your terminal.
HACKPAGER or PAGER Replacement for default pager.
MAIL Mailbox file.
MAILREADER Replacement for default reader
(probably /bin/mail or
/usr/ucb/mail).
NETHACKDIR Playground.
NETHACKOPTIONS String predefining several NetHack
options.
In addition, SHOPTYPE is used in debugging (wizard) mode.
November Last change: 17 3
NETHACK(6) 1999 NETHACK(6)
HOME Your home directory.
SHELL Your shell.
TERM The type of your terminal.
HACKPAGER or PAGER Replacement for default pager.
MAIL Mailbox file.
MAILREADER Replacement for default reader
(probably /bin/mail or /usr/ucb/mail).
NETHACKDIR Playground.
NETHACKOPTIONS String predefining several NetHack
options.
In addition, SHOPTYPE is used in debugging (wizard) mode.
SEE ALSO SEE ALSO
dgn_comp(6), lev_comp(6), recover(6) dgn_comp(6), lev_comp(6), recover(6)
BUGS BUGS
Probably infinite. Probably infinite.
Dungeons & Dragons is a Trademark of TSR Inc. Dungeons & Dragons is a Trademark of TSR Inc.
November Last change: 17 4
12 March 2002 NETHACK(6)